Variations in the Bacterial Ecosystemsof Mosquito Populations — Haikou and Sanya Cities格林童话， Hainan Province， China， 2019

Xun Kang1，2，&;Yanhong Wang3，&; Rui Zheng1; Mamy Jayne Nelly Rajaofera1;Lin Liu1; Siping Li1; Xiaomei Sun3，4; Le Kang3，4;Nan Zhang1，5，#; Zhen Zou4，# 格林童话; Qianfeng Xia1，#

1.NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control， School of Tropical Medicine，Hainan Medical University， Haikou City， Hainan Province， China;

2.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents，Institute of Zoology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing， China;

3.CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions， University of Chinese Academyof Sciences， Beijing， China;

4.Hainan Tropical Disease Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center， Chinese Center forTropical Disease Research)， Haikou City， Hainan Province， China;

5.School of Biomedical Engineering， Sun Yat-sen University， Shenzhen City，Guangdong Province， China.

& Joint first authors.

# Corresponding authors: Qianfeng Xia， xiaqianfeng@hainmc.edc.cn; Zhen Zou，zouzhen@ioz.ac.cn; Nan Zhang， hy0211075@hainmc.edu.cn.

 

欧美日韩av无码在线

This study explores the midgut microbiotaof mosquitoes in Haikou and Sanya cities， regions critical for understandingvector-borne disease dynamics in Hainan Province， China. It provides baselinedata on microbial composition and examines their potential role in influencingmosquito biology and vector competence， while highlighting the need for furtherresearch into their association with vector-borne viral infections. Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps andhuman bait methods. Species identification was conducted through morphologicalexamination and DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene(cox1). The V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene were sequenced using high-throughput methods to investigate themidgut microbiota. Statistical analyses， including Alpha and Beta diversityassessments of the sequencing results， were performed using SPSS 21.0 and Rversion 3.11.The predominant mosquito species identified were Aedes albopictus， Armigeressubalbatus， and Culex pipiens.Microbiota analysis of 281 midguts revealed that Proteobacteria dominated (85.28%)， with significant fractions beingAlphaproteobacteria (52.14%)， Gammaproteobacteria (29.90%)， and Betaproteobacteria (3.22%). Othernotable phyla included Firmicutes(6.24%)， Actinobacteria (3.81%)， andlesser quantities of Thermi， Cyanobacteria， and Bacteroidetes. Significant geographic variation in bacterialcommunities was observed between Haikou and Sanya (P<0.05)， withunique taxa like Thermi and Cyanobacteria identified only in Haikou andChlamydiae found solely in Sanya. Theanalysis revealed 204 overlapping species， with 473 unique to Haikou and 64 toSanya. While the direct relationship between these microbialvariations and vector-borne disease dynamics requires further investigation，these findings underscore the importance of mosquito microbiota research aspart of broader strategies to mitigate vector-borne disease risks.

 

海口与三亚蚊虫群体细菌群落的变化—海口和三亚市，海南省，中国，2019年

康迅1，2，&；王燕红3，&；郑蕊1；Mamy Jayne Nelly Rajaofera1；刘琳1；李泗平1；孙晓梅3，4；康乐3，4；张楠1，5，#；邹振4，# ；夏乾峰1，#

1. 国度卫生健康委员会热带病防治要点现实室，热带医学院，海南医科大学，海口市，海南省，中国；

2. 害虫与啮齿动物详尽科罚国度要点现实室，动物商榷所，中国科学院，北京，中国；

3. 中国科学院生物相互作用不凡中心，中国科学院大学，北京，中国；

4. 海南热带病商榷中心（中国热带病商榷中心海南分中心），海口市，海南省，中国；

5. 生物医学工程学院，中山大学，深圳市，广东省，中国。

& 共同第一作家。

# 通讯作家：夏乾峰，xiaqianfeng@hainmc.edc.cn；邹振，zouzhen@ioz.ac.cn；张楠，hy0211075@hainmc.edu.cn。

 

本商榷旨在探索海南省海口市与三亚市蚊子中肠的微生物群落构成，分析其在蚊媒疾病传播动态中的潜在作用，为进一步揭示蚊子微生物群与病毒感染之间的相关提供基础数据。经受灯诱法和东说念主诱法会聚成蚊，通过形态学特征与线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基1（cox1）基因条形码技艺进行蚊类轻薄。期骗高通量测序技艺对蚊子中肠中16S rRNA基因的V3–V4可变区进行扩增和分析，经受SPSS 21.0与R 3.11软件进行Alpha与Beta各样性统计分析。轻薄出主要蚊种为白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus）、扰攘阿蚊（Armigeres subalbatus）和浅色库蚊（Culex pipiens）。对281份中肠样本的微生物菌群分析骄贵，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为主要上风菌门，占比达85.28%，其中包括α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)占52.14%、γ-变形菌(Gammaproteobacteria)占29.90%、β-变形菌(Betaproteobacteria)占3.22%。此外还检测到厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)占6.24%、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)占3.81%、以及极少的热丝菌门（Thermi）、蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）。海口和三亚之间存在显赫的地舆各别（P＜0.05），海口罕见的分类单位包括Thermi和Cyanobacteria，而三亚则发现了衣原体门（Chlamydiae）。商榷共鸣别出204种叠加物种，其中海口罕见473种，三亚罕见64种。天然微生物群落变异与蚊媒疾病传播之间的获胜相关仍需进一步商榷，但后果强调了深刻探索蚊子微生物组在防控蚊媒传播疾病中的病笃意旨。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.086

 

 

Dengue FeverScreening Awareness and Capacity in Healthcare Facilities — Guangzhou City，Guangdong Province， China， 2024

Haipeng Luo1，2，&; Lei Luo2，&; Wenhui Liu2，&;Pengzhe Qin2，#; Zhoubin Zhang1，2，#

1. School of Public Health， Sun Yat-senUniversity， Guangzhou City， Guangdong Province， China;

2. Department of Communicable DiseaseControl and Prevention， Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Guangzhou City， Guangdong Province， China.

& Joint first authors.

# Corresponding author:Pengzhe Qin， gzcdc_qinpz@gz.gov.cn; ZhoubinZhang， gzcdc_zhangzb@gz.gov.cn.

 

Dengue feverrepresents a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropicalregions worldwide， including China. This study aims to enhance early denguedetection and diagnosis by evaluating healthcare facilities' diagnosticcapacity and clinicians' awareness. In June 2024， surveys were conducted in 11secondary and higher-level hospitals and 11 community health centers. Data fromfacilities evaluations and clinician questionnaires were analyzed usingchi-square tests and logistic regression. Secondary and higher-level hospitalsdemonstrated more robust dengue-related institution-building but exhibiteddeficiencies in suspected case screening and public awareness efforts.Additionally， polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing capacity was limited toone higher-level hospital， and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) testing costs werehigh in secondary and higher-level hospitals， with varying reimbursement ratesdue to different insurance types and institutional levels. Significant disparitiesin diagnostic awareness were found across hospital levels， department， age， and professional title(P<0.05).Theregression analysis shows that education can significantly enhance diagnosticawareness (OR=13.780， 95% CI: 2.937， 64.650). These findingsunderscore the need for dynamically adjust dengue testing strategies atdifferent epidemic stages and improve NS1 testing cost reimbursement. Also，there should be more efforts in enhancing PCR testing in healthcare facilitiesand promoting health education.

 

医疗机构的登革热筛查执意和才能— 广州市，广东省，中国，2024年

罗海鹏1，2，&；罗雷2，&；刘文辉2，&；秦鹏哲2，#；张周斌1，2，#

1. 民众卫生学院，中山大学，广州市，广东省，中国；

2. 传染病提防扫尾科，广州市疾病提防扫尾中心，广州市，广东省，中国。

& 共同第一作家。

# 通讯作家:秦鹏哲，gzcdc_qinpz@gz.gov.cn；张周斌格林童话，gzcdc_zhangzb@gz.gov.cn。

 

登革热是全球热带和亚热带地区包括中国在内面对的要紧民众卫生挑战。本商榷旨在通过评估医疗机构会诊才能及临床医师默契近况以提高登革热早期发现与会诊才能。本商榷于2024年6月，对广州市11家二级及以上病院以及11家社区卫生工作中心开展机构评估和临床医师问卷拜访，并经受卡方历练和二元Logistic转头进行数据分析。商榷发当今22家机构中，二级及以上病院在登革热有关轨制建筑方面优于下层机构，但仍存在疑似病例筛查不及、健康布道主动性有待进步等问题。此外，拜访发现，22家医疗机构中仅1家开展PCR检测才能。同期，二级及以上病院的NS1检测用度相对较高，而不同医保类型和医疗机构级别报销比例不一致。临床医师会诊执意在不同病院级别、科室、年岁、职称间存在显赫各别（P<0.05）。转头分析骄贵，教授不错显赫提高会诊执意（OR=13.780，95% CI：2.937， 64.650）。本商榷后果凸显了在疫情流行期的不同阶段，动态补救登革热查政策并改善NS1检测用度报销机制的必要性。此外还应加强医疗机构PCR检测以及宣传教授责任的建筑。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.087

 

 

Pathogenic Bacteria Detection inParasitic Fleas — Jiangxi Province， China， 2023

Lijuan He1，&;Zhiyun Liu2，&; Like Duan1; Lin Zhang1;Xuexia Hou1; Jingwen Li1; Qin Hao1，#

1. National KeyLaboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases，National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention， ChineseCenter for Disease Control and Prevention， Beijing， China;

2. Inspection Department of Ji’an CentralPeople’s Hospital， Ji’an City， Jiangxi Province， China.

& Joint first authors.

# Corresponding author: QinHao， haoqin@icdc.cn.

 

Fleasare vectors for the transmission of various pathogens. In order to understandthe pathogens carried by parasitic fleas in domestic dogs and to evaluate thepathogenic risk to humans. In July 2023， 121 fleas were collected from 6 dogsof different farmers' household by body surface examination in Suichuan County，Ji' an City， Jiangxi Province. The flea species were determined bymorphological identification and CoII gene detection. Then whole genomicDNA was extracted from 121 fleas and six pathogens including Borreliaburgdorferi， Borrelia miyamotoi， Anaplasma phagocytophilum， Coxiellaburnetii， spotted fever group Rickettsia and Ehrlichiachaffiensis were detected via Nested-PCR.The positive products weresequenced， and the carrier status of each pathogen was analyzed. A total of 121fleas were identified， with 118 Pulex irritans and 3 Ctenocephalidesfelis. The PCR results showed that Borrelia burgdorferi (5%， 6/118)，Borrelia miyamotoi (0.8%，1/118)， Borrelia hermsii (9%，11/118)， Anaplasmaphagocytophilum (0.8%， 1/118)， spotted fever group Rickettsia (0.8%，1/118) and Coxiella burnetii (0.8%， 1/118) were detected in 118 Pulexirritans， and the positive samples also showed mixed infection of Borreliaburgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (0.8%， 1/118). This studysuggests that Pulex irritans can carry multiple pathogens， and theirsignificance for public health needs further exploration.

 

寄生蚤病原菌检测—江西省，中国，2023年

贺丽娟1，&；刘志云2，&；段立科1；张琳1；侯学霞1；李静雯1；郝琴1，#

1、传染病溯源预警与智能有野心寰宇要点现实室，传染病提防扫尾所，中国疾病提防扫尾中心，北京，中国；

2、吉安中心东说念主民病院历练科，吉安市，江西省，中国。

&共同第一作家。

# 通讯作家：郝琴，haoqin@icdc.cn。

 

跳蚤是多种病原体的传播序言。为了解家犬寄生跳蚤佩带的病原体并评估其对东说念主类的致病风险，2023年7月，在江西省吉安市遂川县，通过体表查验从6户农户的狗身上采集了121只跳蚤。通过形态学轻薄和CoII基因检测详情了跳蚤种类，随后索取了121只跳蚤的DNA，并使用巢式PCR检测了六种病原体，包括伯氏疏螺旋体、米氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞吃细胞无形骸、贝纳柯克斯体、黑点热群立克次体和查菲埃立克体。对阳性产物进行测序，并分析了每种病原体的佩带情况。共轻薄出121只跳蚤，其中118只为东说念主蚤，3只为猫栉首蚤。PCR后果骄贵，在118只东说念主蚤中检测到伯氏疏螺旋体（5%，6/118）、米氏疏螺旋体（0.8%，1/118）、赫姆斯疏螺旋体（9%，11/118）、嗜吞吃细胞无形骸（0.8%，1/118）、黑点热群立克次体（0.8%，1/118）和贝纳柯克斯体（0.8%，1/118），且有一例阳性样本同期感染了伯氏疏螺旋体和嗜吞吃细胞无形骸（0.8%，1/118）。商榷标明，东说念主蚤可佩带多种病原体，其对民众卫生的意旨需进一步商量。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.088

 

 

First Human Case of DiphyllobothriosisDue to Dibothriocephalus Dendriticus Infection — China， November 2023

Jiahui Sun1; Jiatian Guo1; Yan Zhou1;Shaohong Chen1; Yan Lu1，#

1. National Key Laboratory of IntelligentTracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases， National Institute ofParasitic Diseases， Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， ChineseCenter for Tropical Diseases Research， NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite andVector Biology， WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases， National Centerfor International Research on Tropical Diseases， Ministry of Science andTechnology， Shanghai， China.

# Corresponding author:Yan Lu，luyan@nipd.chinacdc.cn.

 

Human diphyllobothriosisis a global fish-borne zoonosis affecting approximately 20 million people. Thisstudy reports the first human case of Dibothriocephalusdendriticus (D. dendriticus) inChina and explores its epidemiological and phylogenetic implications. Morphologicalfeatures of eggs and proglottids were examined. The mitochondrial cox1 gene was sequenced for speciesidentification. Phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological data were analyzed totrace the infection source. The expelled tapewormmeasured 50 cm in length and 0.7 cm in width. The gravid proglottid was longerthan wide， with a centrally positioned uterus. Eggs measured63.29±1.17×48.31±0.94 μm (n=15) and had an operculum. The cox1 gene (PQ169609) showed 99.87% homology with D. dendriticus (AM412738.2).Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the parasite as D. dendriticus. Consumption of rawsalmon in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (May 2023) and raw trout inBeijing Municipality (August 2022) were identified as potential infectionsources. Phylogenetic analysis linked the strain to one from UK fish(KY552870)， suggesting a common origin. This study reports the first humancase of D. dendriticus in China. Ithighlights the emerging threat of D.dendriticus amid globalization and rising fish consumption. Strengtheningfood safety measures is essential to reducing infection risk.

 

首例由Dibothriocephalus dendriticus引起的东说念主裂头绦虫病病例分析 — 中国，2023年11月

孙家辉1；郭嘉天1；周魇1；陈韶红1；卢艳1，#

1. 传染病溯源预警与智能有野心寰宇要点现实室；中国疾病提防扫尾中心寄生虫病提防扫尾所（国度热带病商榷中心）；国度卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与序言生物学要点现实室；世界卫生组织热带病合营中心；科技部国度级热带病外洋商榷中心，上海，中国。

# 通讯作家:卢艳，luyan@nipd.chinacdc.cn。

 

裂头绦虫病是全球流行的鱼源性东说念主兽共患病，感染东说念主数约有2，000万。本商榷报说念了一例东说念主裂头绦虫病病例，分析了裂头绦虫虫卵、节片的形态学和基因序列的特征及病东说念主的流行病史，并进行了辩别会诊。不雅察虫卵、节片形态学特征，扩增裂头绦虫cox1指标基因，通过序列分析和系统发育分析进行虫种轻薄。对病例的流行病学情况进行拜访，预计其感染起首。患者排出虫体长度为50cm×0.7cm。孕节长大于宽，子宫位于中心位置。虫卵近卵形，有卵盖，大小为63.29 ± 1.17 × 48.31 ± 0.94 μm (n=15)，为裂头属绦虫卵。cox1序列已上传诤友意思国国度生物技艺信息中心（NCBI）数据库，登录号为：PQ169609。该序列与枝形裂头绦虫序列（GenBank：AM412738.2）同源性为99.87%，详情虫体为枝形裂头绦虫。流行病学史分析，共有两个可能的感染源。一是2022年8月在北京食用的衍生生鳟鱼；二是2023年5月在香港生食的三文鱼。系统发育分析后果骄贵本虫体序列与来自英国鲑鱼的虫体序列（KY552870）同源性较高，教唆现时病例的感染源自于疏导地方的受混浊鱼类。本商榷报说念了中国首例由枝形裂头绦虫感染引起的裂头绦虫病病例。跟着全球化程度的加速以及对鱼类家具需求的不休增长，应醉心裂头绦虫病在国内流行的潜在风险。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.089

 

 

A Clostridium perfringens RelatedFoodborne Diarrhea Outbreak in an Elderly Care Center — Beijing Municipality，China， May 2024

DongranZhang1，&;Xinhui Guo2，&;Yunqi Zhang3; Haibo Liu1; Yuhang Gao1; WencuiZhang1; Wenfeng Shi1; Yao Zhao1; Lijie Zhang2; Aijun Li1，#

1.Fangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Beijing， China;

2.Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program， Chinese Center for Disease Controland Prevention， Beijing， China;

3.Fangshan District Shidu Community Healthcare Center， Beijing， China.

& Joint first authors.

# Correspondingauthors: Aijun Li， bjfscdc@163.com.

 

On May 21， 2024， an elderlycare center in Beijing reported dozens of acute diarrhea cases. The local CDCimmediately initiated an epidemiological investigation to identify the outbreak'setiology and implement control measures. Suspected caseswere defined asdiarrhea≥3 times or vomiting within 24h in the center during May 19–23， 2024. Cases were searched byreviewing the center’s medical records. Food exposure at breakfast and lunch onMay 20 was compared among 24 cases and 70 controls. We interviewed chefs aboutfood preparation practices. Samples were obtained and tested. Investigation identified 77 elderlyand 21 staff cases， aged 22–99 years and all had diarrhea. The epidemiccurve suggested a point-source outbreak. The breakfast and lunch on May 20 weresuspected， and 88% of cases ate Chinese-hamburgers compared with 51% ofcontrols (OR=6.6， 95% CI: 1.7， 37.1). Pork in Chinese-hamburgerswas portioned， blanched for 20 minutes， simmered in spiced broth for 40minutes， and left to cool naturally. Twenty-three patient-samples and a Chinesehamburger sample were positive for C. perfringens. Theoutbreakwas likely caused byChinese-hamburgerscontaminated by C.perfringens. We recommend training of foodhandlers on proper cooling procedures when preparing Chinese hamburgers.

 

某养老院全部产气荚膜梭菌所致泻肚暴发事件拜访—北京直辖市，中国，2024年5月

张冬然1，&；郭新慧2，&；张云奇3；刘海波1；高宇航1；张文萃1；史文凤1；赵耀1；张丽杰2；李爱军1，#

1. 房山区疾病提防扫尾中心，北京，中国；

2. 中国现场流行病学培训样式，中国疾病提防扫尾中心，北京，中国；

3. 北京市房山区十渡镇社区卫生工作中心，北京，中国。

& 共同第一作家。

# 通讯作家：李爱军，bjfscdc@163.com。

 

2024年5月21日，北京一家养老中心发挥了数十例急性泻肚病例。当地疾控中心立即运行了流行病学拜访，以详情疫情发生原因并扩充扫尾递次。疑似病例界说为2024年5月19日至23日历间，该养老中心内出现24小时内泻肚≥3次或吐逆者。通过查阅养老中心医疗纪录搜索病例。比拟了24例病例和70名对照者5月20日早餐和午餐的食物骄贵情况。访谈厨师了解食物制备流程。采集样本进行检测。拜访共发现77名老年和21名责任主说念主员病例，年岁界限22-99岁，全部出现泻肚症状。流行弧线教唆为点源暴发。5月20日的早餐或午餐可能为风险成分，病例和对照隔离有88%和51%食用肉夹馍（OR=6.6，95% CI：1.7，37.1）。肉夹馍中猪肉的制作流程为鲜肉分割，焯水20分钟，炖煮40分钟，然后天然冷却。23份患者样本和1份肉夹馍样本检测生产气荚膜梭菌阳性。本次疫情很可能是由混浊了产气荚膜梭菌的肉夹馍引起的。咱们建议对食物从业东说念主员进行培训，确保在制备肉夹馍时选拔顺应的冷却门径。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.090

 

 

An Alarming Public Health Problem: Ticksand Tick-Borne Pathogens in Urban Recreational Parks

Bo Yi1，2; Mingqiu Fan1;Jian Chen1; Junyi Yao1; Xin Chen1，# ; HongxiaLiu1，#

1. Shanghai Municipal Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention， Shanghai， China;

2. School of Public Health， FudanUniversity Shanghai Medical College， Shanghai， China.

# Correspondingauthors: Xin Chen， chenxin@scdc.sh.cn; Hongxia Liu，liuhongxia@scdc.sh.cn.

 

Ticks function as critical vectors for awide range of pathogens that pose significant risks to both human and animalhealth. In recent years， the number and diversity of tick-borne pathogens haveincreased at an unprecedented rate， elevating tick-borne diseases (TBDs) to amajor public health concern on a global scale. TBDs present a dual challenge，not only affecting human populations but also causing substantial economiclosses in livestock industries across the world. The geographic distribution ofmany TBDs is shifting， with emerging， re-emerging， and resurging casesinfluenced by environmental factors such as deforestation and climate change.In China， rapid urbanization and concurrent improvements in urban ecologicalconditions have contributed to the expansion of tick habitats and increasedhuman exposure to tick populations. Recent research warns that ticks and theirassociated pathogens present significant risks in urban environments，particularly in locations such as parks， playgrounds， and zoos. Despite thesethreats， public awareness of tick-borne diseases remains critically low. Thisreview consolidates current knowledge on tick species and tick-borne pathogensfound in urban parks and proposes strategic control measures to informeffective tick management policies both in China and globally.

 

令东说念主担忧的民众卫生问题：城市公园中的蜱偏激传播病原体

伊波1，2；范明秋1；陈健1；姚隽一1；陈昕1，#；刘洪霞1，#

1. 上海市疾病提防扫尾中心， 上海，中国；

2. 民众卫生学院，复旦大学上海医学院， 上海，中国。

# 通讯作家：陈昕，chenxin@scdc.sh.cn；刘洪霞，liuhongxia@scdc.sh.cn。

 

蜱是病笃的序言生物，能传播多种影响东说念主类或动物健康的病原体。比年来，由于发现蜱传病原体的界限不休扩大，蜱传疾病（TBDs）在全球界限内镇定成为新的民众卫生要挟。蜱传疾病不仅影响东说念主类健康，还对全球畜牧业形成纷乱吃亏。在丛林砍伐和快意变化等成分的驱动下，好多 TBDs 呈现新发及再现的趋势。跟着中国城市化程度的加速，城市生态环境不休改善，这不仅增多了城市蜱的生计环境，还增多了东说念主群与蜱的战斗契机。最近，多项商榷标明，蜱偏激传播病原体在城市地区如公园、游乐场、动物园等形成了十分大的要挟。但公众对蜱的留意执意较低。本文概述了城市公园中发现的蜱种类偏激佩带的病原体，并提议了公园蜱扫尾政策，旨在为中国偏激他地区有用科罚及扫尾蜱提供有野心依据。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.091